| 1. | Article 173 in the process of the proceedings , the defendant in a case of private prosecution may raise a counterclaim against the private prosecutor
第一百七十三条自诉案件的被告人在诉讼过程中，可以对自诉人提起反诉。 |
| 2. | In a case of private prosecution for which criminal evidence is lacking , if the private prosecutor cannot present supplementary evidence , the court shall persuade him to withdraw his prosecution or order its rejection
（二）缺乏罪证的自诉案件，如果自诉人提不出补充证据，应当说服自诉人撤回自诉，或者裁定驳回。 |
| 3. | Article 172 a people ' s court may conduct mediation in a case of private prosecution ; the private prosecutor may arrange a settlement with the defendant or withdraw his prosecution before a judgment is pronounced
第一百七十二条人民法院对自诉案件，可以进行调解；自诉人在宣告判决前，可以同被告人自行和解或者撤回自诉。 |
| 4. | Article 176 in a case of private prosecution that is tried through summary procedure , after the bill of prosecution is read out , the defendant and his defenders may , with the permission of the judges , debate with the private prosecutor and his agents ad litem
第一百七十六条适用简易程序审理自诉案件，宣读起诉书后，经审判人员许可，被告人及其辩护人可以同自诉人及其诉讼代理人互相辩论。 |
| 5. | Therefore , it is necessary for china to establish new rule of distribution of evidential burden when new law is enacted or the current law is amended in the future , so as to diminish the evidential burden of private prosecutor in criminal cases of intellectual property right
因此，中国在今后制定或修改法律时，应当确立新的举证责任分配原则，从根本上减轻知识产权犯罪案件刑事自诉人的举证负担。 |
| 6. | Article 180 if the defendant , private prosecutor or their legal representatives refuse to accept a judgment or order of first instance made by a local people ' s court at any level , they shall have the right to appeal in writing or orally to the people ' s court at the next higher level
第一百八十条被告人、自诉人和他们的法定代理人，不服地方各级人民法院第一审的判决、裁定，有权用书状或者口头向上一级人民法院上诉。 |
| 7. | If a defendant , private prosecutor , or a plaintiff or defendant in an incidental civil action files an appeal directly to the people ' s court of second instance , the people ' s court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal to the people ' s court which originally tried the case for delivery to the people ' s procuratorate at the same level and to the other party
被告人、自诉人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人直接向第二审人民法院提出上诉的，第二审人民法院应当在三日以内将上诉状交原审人民法院送交同级人民检察院和对方当事人。 |
| 8. | Article 184 if a defendant , private prosecutor , or a plaintiff or defendant in an incidental civil action files an appeal through the people ' s court which originally tried the case , the people ' s court shall within three days transfer the petition of appeal together with the case file and the evidence to the people ' s court at the next higher level ; at the same time it shall deliver duplicates of the petition of appeal to the people ' s procuratorate at the same level and to the other party
第一百八十四条被告人、自诉人、附带民事诉讼的原告人和被告人通过原审人民法院提出上诉的，原审人民法院应当在三日以内将上诉状连同案卷、证据移送上一级人民法院，同时将上诉状副本送交同级人民检察院和对方当事人。 |
| 9. | In chapter three , the author makes a detailed discussion on different theories of allocation of burden of proof in china ' s criminal procedure after a brief introduction to theories of allocation of burden of proof in foreign countries . then , the author puts forward that . the public security organs , the people ' s procuratorates and the private prosecutor should bear the burden of proof in criminal procedure in china , and the accused bear the burden of proof only when there is presumption against him
本文第三章在概柱外国刑事诉讼证明责任分配的基础上，对我国刑事诉讼证明责任分配各学说进行述评，认为在我国刑事诉讼中应按照“概然性”标准分配证明责什，即由公安机关、人民检察院和自诉人承担案件实体事实方面的证明责被告人只有在存在不利3去律推定的条件下，才承担证明自己无罪的责任。 |
